Bounded density estimator using the reflection method. Supports automatic partial function application.
density_bounded(
x,
weights = NULL,
n = 512,
bandwidth = "dpi",
adjust = 1,
kernel = "gaussian",
trim = FALSE,
bounds = c(NA, NA),
bounder = "cdf",
adapt = 1,
na.rm = FALSE,
...,
range_only = FALSE
)
numeric vector containing a sample to compute a density estimate for.
optional numeric vector of weights to apply to x
.
numeric: the number of grid points to evaluate the density estimator at.
bandwidth of the density estimator. One of:
a numeric: the bandwidth, as the standard deviation of the kernel
a function: a function taking x
(the sample) and returning the bandwidth
a string: the suffix of the name of a function starting with "bandwidth_"
that
will be used to determine the bandwidth. See bandwidth for a list.
numeric: the bandwidth for the density estimator is multiplied
by this value. See stats::density()
.
string: the smoothing kernel to be used. This must partially
match one of "gaussian"
, "rectangular"
, "triangular"
, "epanechnikov"
,
"biweight"
, "cosine"
, or "optcosine"
. See stats::density()
.
Should the density estimate be trimmed to the bounds of the data?
length-2 vector of min and max bounds. If a bound is NA
, then
that bound is estimated from the data using the method specified by bounder
.
Method to use to find missing (NA
) bounds
. A function that
takes a numeric vector of values and returns a length-2 vector of the estimated
lower and upper bound of the distribution. Can also be a string giving the
suffix of the name of such a function that starts with "bounder_"
. Useful
values include:
"cdf"
: Use the CDF of the the minimum and maximum order statistics of the
sample to estimate the bounds. See bounder_cdf()
.
"cooke"
: Use the method from Cooke (1979); i.e. method 2.3 from Loh (1984).
See bounder_cooke()
.
"range"
: Use the range of x
(i.e the min
or max
). See bounder_range()
.
(very experimental) The name and interpretation of this argument
are subject to change without notice. Positive integer. If adapt > 1
, uses
an adaptive approach to calculate the density. First, uses the
adaptive bandwidth algorithm of Abramson (1982) to determine local (pointwise)
bandwidths, then groups these bandwidths into adapt
groups, then calculates
and sums the densities from each group. You can set this to a very large number
(e.g. Inf
) for a fully adaptive approach, but this will be very slow; typically
something around 100 yields nearly identical results.
Should missing (NA
) values in x
be removed?
Additional arguments (ignored).
If TRUE
, the range of the output of this density estimator
is computed and is returned in the $x
element of the result, and c(NA, NA)
is returned in $y
. This gives a faster way to determine the range of the output
than density_XXX(n = 2)
.
An object of class "density"
, mimicking the output format of
stats::density()
, with the following components:
x
: The grid of points at which the density was estimated.
y
: The estimated density values.
bw
: The bandwidth.
n
: The sample size of the x
input argument.
call
: The call used to produce the result, as a quoted expression.
data.name
: The deparsed name of the x
input argument.
has.na
: Always FALSE
(for compatibility).
cdf
: Values of the (possibly weighted) empirical cumulative distribution
function at x
. See weighted_ecdf()
.
This allows existing methods for density objects, like print()
and plot()
, to work if desired.
This output format (and in particular, the x
and y
components) is also
the format expected by the density
argument of the stat_slabinterval()
and the smooth_
family of functions.
Cooke, P. (1979). Statistical inference for bounds of random variables. Biometrika 66(2), 367--374. doi:10.1093/biomet/66.2.367 .
Loh, W. Y. (1984). Estimating an endpoint of a distribution with resampling methods. The Annals of Statistics 12(4), 1543--1550. doi:10.1214/aos/1176346811
Other density estimators:
density_histogram()
,
density_unbounded()
library(distributional)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
# For compatibility with existing code, the return type of density_bounded()
# is the same as stats::density(), ...
set.seed(123)
x = rbeta(5000, 1, 3)
d = density_bounded(x)
d
#>
#> Call:
#> density_bounded(x = x)
#>
#> Data: x (5000 obs.); Bandwidth 'bw' = 0.01647
#>
#> x y
#> Min. :-0.0001229 Min. :0.0009348
#> 1st Qu.: 0.2467302 1st Qu.:0.2144899
#> Median : 0.4935833 Median :0.8152210
#> Mean : 0.4935833 Mean :1.0138543
#> 3rd Qu.: 0.7404364 3rd Qu.:1.6212908
#> Max. : 0.9872895 Max. :2.9045616
# ... thus, while designed for use with the `density` argument of
# stat_slabinterval(), output from density_bounded() can also be used with
# base::plot():
plot(d)
# here we'll use the same data as above, but pick either density_bounded()
# or density_unbounded() (which is equivalent to stats::density()). Notice
# how the bounded density (green) is biased near the boundary of the support,
# while the unbounded density is not.
data.frame(x) %>%
ggplot() +
stat_slab(
aes(xdist = dist), data = data.frame(dist = dist_beta(1, 3)),
alpha = 0.25
) +
stat_slab(aes(x), density = "bounded", fill = NA, color = "#d95f02", alpha = 0.5) +
stat_slab(aes(x), density = "unbounded", fill = NA, color = "#1b9e77", alpha = 0.5) +
scale_thickness_shared() +
theme_ggdist()
# We can also supply arguments to the density estimators by using their
# full function names instead of the string suffix; e.g. we can supply
# the exact bounds of c(0,1) rather than using the bounds of the data.
data.frame(x) %>%
ggplot() +
stat_slab(
aes(xdist = dist), data = data.frame(dist = dist_beta(1, 3)),
alpha = 0.25
) +
stat_slab(
aes(x), fill = NA, color = "#d95f02", alpha = 0.5,
density = density_bounded(bounds = c(0,1))
) +
scale_thickness_shared() +
theme_ggdist()