R/recover_types.R
recover_types.RdDecorate a Bayesian model fit or a sample from it with types for
variable and dimension data types. Meant to be used before calling
spread_draws() or gather_draws() so that the values returned by
those functions are translated back into useful data types.
recover_types(model, ...)A supported Bayesian model fit. Tidybayes supports a variety of model objects; for a full list of supported models, see tidybayes-models.
Lists (or data frames) providing data prototypes used to convert
columns returned by spread_draws() and gather_draws() back into useful data types.
See Details.
A decorated version of model.
Each argument in ... specifies a list or data.frame. The model
is decorated with a list of constructors that can convert a numeric column
into the data types in the lists in ....
Then, when spread_draws() or gather_draws() is called on the decorated
model, each list entry with the same name as the variable or a dimension
in variable_spec is a used as a prototype for that variable or dimension —
i.e., its type is taken to be the expected type of that variable or dimension.
Those types are used to translate numeric values of variables back into
useful values (for example, levels of a factor).
The most common use of recover_types is to automatically translate
dimensions of a variable that correspond to levels of a factor in the original data back into
levels of that factor. The simplest way to do this is to pass in the data
frame from which the original data came.
Supported types of prototypes are factor, ordered, and logical. For example:
if prototypes$v is a factor, the v column in the
returned draws is translated into a factor using factor(v, labels=levels(prototypes$v), ordered=is.ordered(prototypes$v)).
if
prototypes$v is a logical, the v column is translated into a logical
using as.logical(v).
Additional data types can be supported by providing a custom implementation
of the generic function as_constructor.
# \dontrun{
library(dplyr)
library(magrittr)
library(rstan)
#> Loading required package: StanHeaders
#>
#> rstan version 2.32.6 (Stan version 2.32.2)
#> For execution on a local, multicore CPU with excess RAM we recommend calling
#> options(mc.cores = parallel::detectCores()).
#> To avoid recompilation of unchanged Stan programs, we recommend calling
#> rstan_options(auto_write = TRUE)
#> For within-chain threading using `reduce_sum()` or `map_rect()` Stan functions,
#> change `threads_per_chain` option:
#> rstan_options(threads_per_chain = 1)
#> Do not specify '-march=native' in 'LOCAL_CPPFLAGS' or a Makevars file
#>
#> Attaching package: 'rstan'
#> The following object is masked from 'package:coda':
#>
#> traceplot
#> The following object is masked from 'package:magrittr':
#>
#> extract
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:posterior':
#>
#> ess_bulk, ess_tail
# Here's an example dataset with a categorical predictor (`condition`) with several levels:
set.seed(5)
n = 10
n_condition = 5
ABC = tibble(
condition = factor(rep(c("A","B","C","D","E"), n)),
response = rnorm(n * 5, c(0,1,2,1,-1), 0.5)
)
# We'll fit the following model to it:
stan_code = "
data {
int<lower=1> n;
int<lower=1> n_condition;
int<lower=1, upper=n_condition> condition[n];
real response[n];
}
parameters {
real overall_mean;
vector[n_condition] condition_zoffset;
real<lower=0> response_sd;
real<lower=0> condition_mean_sd;
}
transformed parameters {
vector[n_condition] condition_mean;
condition_mean = overall_mean + condition_zoffset * condition_mean_sd;
}
model {
response_sd ~ cauchy(0, 1); // => half-cauchy(0, 1)
condition_mean_sd ~ cauchy(0, 1); // => half-cauchy(0, 1)
overall_mean ~ normal(0, 5);
//=> condition_mean ~ normal(overall_mean, condition_mean_sd)
condition_zoffset ~ normal(0, 1);
for (i in 1:n) {
response[i] ~ normal(condition_mean[condition[i]], response_sd);
}
}
"
m = stan(model_code = stan_code, data = compose_data(ABC), control = list(adapt_delta=0.99),
# 1 chain / few iterations just so example runs quickly
# do not use in practice
chains = 1, iter = 500)
#>
#> SAMPLING FOR MODEL 'anon_model' NOW (CHAIN 1).
#> Chain 1:
#> Chain 1: Gradient evaluation took 3.4e-05 seconds
#> Chain 1: 1000 transitions using 10 leapfrog steps per transition would take 0.34 seconds.
#> Chain 1: Adjust your expectations accordingly!
#> Chain 1:
#> Chain 1:
#> Chain 1: Iteration: 1 / 500 [ 0%] (Warmup)
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#> Chain 1: Iteration: 500 / 500 [100%] (Sampling)
#> Chain 1:
#> Chain 1: Elapsed Time: 0.138 seconds (Warm-up)
#> Chain 1: 0.16 seconds (Sampling)
#> Chain 1: 0.298 seconds (Total)
#> Chain 1:
#> Warning: Bulk Effective Samples Size (ESS) is too low, indicating posterior means and medians may be unreliable.
#> Running the chains for more iterations may help. See
#> https://mc-stan.org/misc/warnings.html#bulk-ess
#> Warning: Tail Effective Samples Size (ESS) is too low, indicating posterior variances and tail quantiles may be unreliable.
#> Running the chains for more iterations may help. See
#> https://mc-stan.org/misc/warnings.html#tail-ess
# without using recover_types(), the `condition` column returned by spread_draws()
# will be an integer:
m %>%
spread_draws(condition_mean[condition]) %>%
median_qi()
#> # A tibble: 5 × 7
#> condition condition_mean .lower .upper .width .point .interval
#> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 1 0.188 -0.196 0.559 0.95 median qi
#> 2 2 0.999 0.676 1.36 0.95 median qi
#> 3 3 1.85 1.49 2.18 0.95 median qi
#> 4 4 1.04 0.657 1.33 0.95 median qi
#> 5 5 -0.883 -1.22 -0.523 0.95 median qi
# If we apply recover_types() first, subsequent calls to other tidybayes functions will
# automatically back-convert factors so that they are labeled with their original levels
# (assuming the same name is used)
m %<>% recover_types(ABC)
# now the `condition` column with be a factor with levels "A", "B", "C", ...
m %>%
spread_draws(condition_mean[condition]) %>%
median_qi()
#> # A tibble: 5 × 7
#> condition condition_mean .lower .upper .width .point .interval
#> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 A 0.188 -0.196 0.559 0.95 median qi
#> 2 B 0.999 0.676 1.36 0.95 median qi
#> 3 C 1.85 1.49 2.18 0.95 median qi
#> 4 D 1.04 0.657 1.33 0.95 median qi
#> 5 E -0.883 -1.22 -0.523 0.95 median qi
# }